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Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi was born in 1942 – ironically, the last year of the Italian occupation of the country. Throughout the 40s, 50s, and 60s, Libya was a desperately poor country, and Gaddafi was Bedouin, the nomadic group famous the world over their ability to survive in one of the harshest climates in the world – the Sahara Desert. Life for Gaddafi and all Bedouin was exceedingly hard. Not only because of the climate but because many, if not most, of the non-Bedouin people of North Africa looked down upon them as poor, ignorant drovers, barely more intelligent than the animals they owned.
In one way, Gaddafi was lucky, though. He had the opportunity to attend tribal schools. Many other Bedouin boys his age were discouraged or forbidden to attend school – they were needed to help their families. In his late teens, he attended the Royal Military Academy, and upon graduation, he did two things: he began a secret group of officers called the “Free Officers Movement” and rose to the rank of captain.
The Free Officers Movement was an Arab nationalist and Nasserist movement. “Nasserist” was the term used to describe followers of Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, who envisioned an Arab empire spanning North Africa and the Arab Middle East. Nasser’s ideas were influential throughout the Middle East. One of the things they called for was the ouster of all of the old Arab dynasties and governments and replacing them with so-called “republics,” which soon turned into one-party dictatorships in other countries, including Iraq (where Saddam Hussein took over) and Syria (where Hafez al-Assad, father of recently deposed Bashaar al-Assad, began his brutal rule).
Throughout most of his early military career, Gaddafi was involved in pan-Arab thought and, secretly, movements. He was widely regarded as extremely intelligent but a bit eccentric. He was also ruthless, and at age 27, he led a bloodless military coup against King Idris I, who had governed the country since the end of Italian rule. Though he could have promoted himself to general or field marshal, he only raised his rank by two steps – to colonel, which is how he was known to most people in Libya and around the world, at least for the first part of his rule.
In this gripping documentary, we dive into the rise and fall of Libya’s most infamous ruler—Muammar Gaddafi. From his early days as a poor Bedouin child to his ruthless dictatorship and shocking demise during the Arab Spring, this video unpacks the brutal legacy of “The Colonel.” Witness the eerie parallels between Gaddafi and Mussolini, the twisted ideology of his Green Book, and the horrifying public executions that defined his reign of terror.
Discover how Gaddafi rose to power through the Free Officers Movement, his obsession with pan-Arabism, and how he turned Libya into a stage for state-sponsored terrorism. We’ll also explore the lesser-known horrors of the Abu Salim prison massacre, and the chilling final moments that were captured on a rebel’s cell phone.
This is the unfiltered truth about one of the most disturbing chapters in modern Middle Eastern history.
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📚 Sources and further reading linked in the description.
#gadaffi #history #gadaffidocumentary #darkhistory
Sources:
BBC News. “Moammar Gadhafi Dead: How Rebels Killed the Dictator.” ABC News. Last modified October 21, 2011. https://abcnews.go.com/International/moammar-gadhafi-dead- rebels-killed-dictator/story?id=14784776.
“Qaddafi – The Man and His Rise to Power.” Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training – Capturing, Preserving, and Sharing the Experiences of America’s Diplomats. Accessed March 27, 2025. https://adst.org/2013/08/qaddafi-the-man-and-his-rise-to-power/.
“Reuters.com.” Reuters.com. Last modified 2009. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/ny-town-orders-stop-to-gaddafi-tent-on-trump-land-idUSJOE58M00C/.
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